Since elevated temperatures induce conformational changes in proteins [ 44], an increase in temperature is likely to engage pathways that are relevant to ER stress response.
Similarly, cancer cells have to circumvent replicative telomere shortening and engage pathways to extend telomeres in order to gain unlimited proliferation potential.
These same patterns are echoed in a zif268 study of spatial learning, as familiar spatial problems preferentially engaged entorhinal cortex to CA1 pathways, while more novel spatial problems engaged pathways from entorhinal cortex to the dentate gyrus and CA3 (Poirier et al., 2008).
Furthermore, due to autonomous processes of absorption of choline metabolites at the small intestine, it makes engaged pathway to understand free choline absorption and supplemented RPC absorption through small intestine and establishes the accurate dietary requirements of choline for dairy ruminants (Cheng et al. 2008).
We define these genes with CDRG larger than 0 as pathway-level differentiated genes, which may potentially represent the whole repertoire of alternations occurring at gene level within the engaged pathway in association with the class contrast or compared phenotypes.
This discrepancy between high in vitro binding affinity, moderate in vitro activity, and low in vivo activity may reflect differences in pharmacodynamics (i.e., engaging signaling pathways) or pharmacokinetics (i.e., metabolic stability).
By contrast, FANCA and FANCM could contribute to replication restart by engaging bypass pathways.
Recent advances in understanding the metabolic alterations in cancer cells have shed light on how tumors fuel rapid growth by preferentially engaging biosynthetic pathways [ 1, 2].
The intracellular TIR domain is highly conserved with functional similarity among species and TLR genes, as it is involved in engaging signalling pathways within cells [ 20].
We have recently demonstrated that resveratol enhances therapeutic potential of TRAIL by upregulating death receptors (TRAIL/DR4 and TRAIL-R2/DR5) and also engaging mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis [2], [3].
