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All the authors have (1) made substantial contributions to study conception and design, (2) been engaged in data analysis and interpretation of data, (3) been involved in drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and (4) have given final approval of the version to be published.
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While almost all students reported gains in data-collection techniques, both in interviews and on the URSSA, experienced students were more likely than novice students to have engaged in data analysis.
Being involved in an action research group can be a valuable professional development opportunity for any instructor, as it provides an opportunity to reflect on teaching strategies, engage in data analysis of student work, learn from colleagues, and consequently improve teaching practice.
Along with this coding process, my thoughts and reflections were kept track of while engaging in data analysis (Merriam, 1998).
MJ was engaged in data collection, data analysis, and the drafting of the manuscript.
At the time of writing of this protocol article, we are engaged in data cleaning and analysis.
CWP carried out the experiment, drafted the manuscript, and engaged in data acquisition and data interpretation.
YN carried out the experiment, drafted the manuscript, and engaged in data acquisition and data interpretation.
SLSS carried out the experiment, drafted the manuscript, engaged in data acquisition and data interpretation.
However, we enhanced the reliability of this study by triangulating both our data-collection methods (using surveys and interviews) and our analytical techniques (multiple researchers coded the data and engaged in discussions about data analysis and interpretation to enhance interrater reliability).
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDCC) investigators provided technical assistance in design and analysis but were not engaged in data collection.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com