A third group engaged in "concept mapping," in which, with the passage in front of them, they arranged information from the passage into a kind of diagram, writing details and ideas in hand-drawn bubbles and linking the bubbles in an organized way.
Moreover, learners engaged in concept mapping must also use a process of integrative reconciliation to make links between differentiated concepts [ 77, 81].
Parallel to how example study reduces cognitive load compared to problem solving, learners engaged in concept map study do not have to invest effort in searching for the answer to a question or the connection between concepts, but rather, devote all available working memory resources to studying the connections between concepts.
Consistent with our hypothesis, learners who self-explained outperformed those who engaged in concept map completion and concept map study on post-test problem solving, and students who studied concept maps outperformed those in the other two conditions on the conceptual knowledge post-test.
That is because learners engaged in concept mapping need to dedicate a large part of their working memory to manipulating and organizing concepts and links in order to produce meaningful maps [ 77, 80, 81] at the expense of learning how to solve problems.
Artists who work in 2D can engage in concept art – where they work with designers to give ideas visual form – and texture art, where they create 2D images that are wrapped around 3D forms to give them colour and texture.
First, students must be interested and engaged in the concepts at hand.
But how could we get the employees engaged in the concept and simultaneously bring up ideas of how to increase productivity?
The other course specifically engaged in the concept of creativity as a key overarching theme in the fashion industry, again open to all majors.
While dyads engaged in a concept explanation task (explaining the mechanism of computer processing), PCAs served as facilitators and provided metacognitive suggestions to better improve learning performance.
