This may be providing special summer courses, or encouraging students to engage in self-study.
For foreign language learners, classroom target language input originates from three main direct or 'unfiltered' output sources; language in materials (particularly when students engage in self-study), language produced by other learners (when they interact with each other in L2) and language produced by the teacher.
However, unlike we hypothesized, students' autonomy seems less dependent on the phases during which they alternatively meet the group and engage in self-study, but on the knowledge students gain during their learning.
After this, students engaged in self-study leading to another significant increase in cognitive engagement (M 3) = 3.59 vs. M(4) = 3.66, p = .01).01
Interestingly, 73% of respondents have attended university lectures or engaged in self-study and 75% would like more continuing education in this area.
Students then engaged in self-study, experiential learning involving direct patient care, and small-group exercises in which they discussed clerkship experiences and reflected on the experiential aspects of the education program.
॥ १॥ – Chandogya Upanishad, VIII.15 Translation 1 by Max Muller, The Upanishads, The Sacred Books of the East - Part 1, Oxford University Press: (He who engages in) self study, concentrates all his senses on the Self, never giving pain to any creature, except at the tîrthas, he who behaves thus all his life, reaches the world of Brahman, and does not return, yea, he does not return.
Student characteristics including gender did not differ between the groups except that more students in the control group engaged in self study as a preparation for the OSCE (p <.05) (Table 1).
The objective of the present study was to examine the underlying assumption that students in PBL have a large degree of autonomy (i.e. when students engage in individual self-study), which is expected to result in cognitive engagement with the topic at hand.
… After these five steps of the pre-discussion, students leave the group again to engage in the self-study, which takes a central position in the PBL framework and emphasises the self responsibility of the learner for knowledge acquisition.
You can engage in a self-study program by using library books or buying books from your local book store.
