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The micro-bubbles engage cells or bacteria and float them into an analytical instrument.
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However, most of previous microarrayed synthetic polymers do not possess biological ligands (e.g., peptides) to directly engage cell surface receptors.
For cases where mAbs are intended to engage cell surface receptors and prevent receptor-ligand interactions (i.e., antagonists), it may be desirable to reduce or eliminate effector function for example to prevent target cell death or unwanted cytokine secretion.
Bacteria engage cell surface receptors and intracellular signaling molecules to enter the cell.
Our previously published in vitro data are in agreement with current in vivo studies which demonstrate that resveratrol can engage cell-intrinsic pathway of apoptosis by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 family of proteins.
What upstream molecular cues instruct neurons to become mature and engage cell survival mechanisms?
Although the precise mechanisms have not yet been elucidated, it is possible that galectin-1 may engage cell surface glycocoproteins involved in cell motility.
These Wnts engage cell surface receptors to initiate a signal transduction pathway that largely serves to promote the post-transcriptional stabilization and nuclear localization β-catenin [ 4, 5].
However, vesicular (intracellular) CB1Rs can still engage cell signalling (Gomes et al., 2009), which may be activated by lipophilic (membrane-permeant) cannabinoid ligands or via innate constitutive activity.
However, given that intracellular CB1Rs can engage cell signalling pathways, it is likely that this process plays an important regulatory role.
Furthermore, our multiparameter analyses of the kinetics of taxol responses in cells with differential capacity to rapidly engage cell death may indicate new rationales for combining taxol with other anticancer agents.
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