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It is here that viruses first engage binding and entry receptors to initiate the infection process.
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The overall architecture of SRP in the engaged binding mode is very similar to earlier reconstructions of this state visualized using heterologous plant mammalian complexes (Halic et al., 2004, 2006).
This is likely a result of having multiple different binding motifs and/or the ability of multiple Importinβ to engage into binding a single Nup, which adds another level of complexity (multivalency) (Milles and Lemke, 2014; Schoch et al., 2012; Wagner et al., 2015).
The unique aspect of these observations stems from the fact that galectin-8, like other secreted animal lectins, binds cell-surface glycoconjugates that enable it to engage in binding to a number of receptors that express the proper repertoire of sugars on their surface.
In this conformation, SFKs are free to engage intermolecular binding partners and are highly susceptible to phosphorylating and dephosphorylating enzymes.
On the basis of these analyses, we conclude that Dictyostelium does not contain an analogue of the APC gene nor other smaller proteins that could engage in binding interactions associated with an APC homologue.
Earlier mutational studies in both AMSH and AMSH-LP on residues that engage in binding of the proximal ubiquitin found a significant reduction in kcat with a minimal change in KM as compared to those of the wild-type enzyme, therefore indicating a role for the proximal ubiquitin in the rate-limiting step of catalysis with little involvement in the ground-state interaction with the substrate.
This observation is sound, as IDPs frequently use motif binding to engage with their binding partners (Kragelj et al., 2015; Schneider et al., 2015; Tompa and Fuxreiter, 2008; Wright and Dyson, 2009).
Simulations revealed that an organized water is displaced by zanamivir in binding to NEU2 and NEU3 and confirmed the critical importance of engaging the binding pocket of the C7 C9 glycerol sidechain.
Since agonists engaging the binding pocket of a GPCR will favor a specific R* activation conformation, the same agonist differentially engaging the binding pocket of either CB1 or CB2 receptors will likely lead to distinct R* conformations for these receptors, and thus differential G protein coupling.
The structure activity relationship revealed that, besides better engaged SAAM binding by the MAT mutants (lower Km value in contrast to native MATs), the gained activity toward the bulky SAAMs stems from their ability to maintain the desired linear SN2 transition state (reflected by higher kcat value).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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