High doses (10X IC50) of MeSter led to pycnotic parasites, suggesting that they had already engaged a cell death process.
Consistent with increased synthesis of secretory proteins, fewer BiP oligomers were observed in differentiated cells whereas stimulation with cholecystokinin, which engages a cell surface receptor linked to ER calcium depletion (Zhao et al., 1990; Pinnock et al., 1994), enhanced oligomerization.
IFN act on cells through engaging a cell surface-located cognate receptor (formed by IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 chains) and subsequent stimulation of the signal transduction cascade including activation of the Janus kinases (JAK) and signal transduction and activators of transcription (STAT1/2) proteins (Uze et al, 2007).
The idea that drugs with different modes of action initiate conserved responses which engage a programmed cell death is discussed.
The ability of a phagocyte to engage a preapoptotic cell is a required step for full execution of apoptosis; a possibility in our model is that impaired engulfment lengthens the survival of cells destined to die.
Enhancing the antibody-mediated recruitment of effector cells with antigen-presentation capacity, for example, dendritic cells, may lead to presentation of tumour antigens in an appropriate context to engage a T-cell-driven response.
As meiosis is a 'one-way' process for germ cell division and cannot engage in a cell cycle as mitosis does, oocyte degeneration and programmed cell death are regarded as their final fate.
There is now abundant evidence that, under physiological conditions, proNTs exit the cell and engage a distinct receptor complex consisting of p75NTR and sortilin that can initiate cell death, especially in cases of neuronal trauma or stress (Jansen et al., 2007; Nykjaer & Willnow, 2012).
Thus, it is possible that colonic cells engage a different apoptotic programme from those in the intestine.
They engage a marrow rich in stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that can be drawn upon in a trauma-healing scenario.
