The steric repulsion urep enforces volume exclusion, strongly penalizing separations below a threshold value, r ≤ σ.
In particular, the interface normal vector is calculated from the level set function while the line constant is determined by enforcing mass conservation based on the volume fraction.
To enforce the volume- and surface-incompressibility constraints a four-step projection method is developed to integrate the full Navier Stokes equations.
The party suddenly resembled a wedding merriment enforced by volume.
The party suddenly resembled a wedding — merriment enforced by volume.
The geometry of the nuclear surface is effectively determined by one quantity, the ratio of the apparent NE tension to a "pressure" (the Lagrange multiplier enforcing the volume constraint), since the surface's radius satisfies a Young-Laplace-type relation (Table 1, Eq. [5]).
To enforce this constant volume condition numerically, we implement a pressure, acting normal to the surface: (7) P vol = K vol(V resting - V actual) n where n is the outward normal.
In control volume analysis, conservation principles are enforced within finite volumes, termed control volumes (CV).
The interfaces are then improved by minimizing an objective function that smoothes interface normals while enforcing convexity and volume constraints for the pure material subcells.
Most protein mimics of DNA have strikingly hydrophobic cores that likely stabilize the protein fold despite substantial charge localization and a relatively small internal volume enforced by the restrictions from DNA size.
