Graham enforced violence through the criminal underworld, raking in millions, and living by his own code of honour: one of looking after your mates, and never dobbing on them.
While he has pardoned women accused of moral crimes, he has failed to vigorously enforce the violence against women law.
They say that the supply of drugs led to debts enforced by violence or threats of violence to prisoners, or their families or associates outside the prison.
Their findings point to the historic male dominance of women, enforced by violence, as the ancient prototype of all forms of dominance and violence and the very pattern of exploitation, enslavement, and war.
By contrast, the trade of the old-fashioned gangster, well-known in his district, his monopoly enforced by violence, now looks antiquated.
As late as the 1960s, even the sand in Chicago was segregated, not by law, but by a custom that was sometimes enforced by violence.
The internet is now illegal, brutal new laws are enforced with violence and everybody wears a mask to conceal their identity.
The star of a film on sex work in Morocco – banned in the North African kingdom – was savagely beaten in Casablanca last week, sparking an outcry on social media over social taboos that activists say can be enforced by violence.
Newly opened archives show that the persecution of civic activists, frequently enforced by violence, often took precedence over Communist parties' other political and economic goals in the Soviet bloc at that time.
He stands accused of running a mafia-style empire of illegal and legal businesses, backed by government and NATO patronage, enforced by violence, and including drug-trafficking, construction and private security.
Left behind by economic growth, Muslims are more demoralised and depressed than ever; and the country's extreme inequalities, often enforced with violence, express themselves in new forms, ranging from suicides by tens of thousands of farmers, to militant insurgencies.
