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If we write λ = ν + ϵ and take the limit ϵ → 0, Equation 21 becomes (66) G c, p o s t (z, t ) = (ν t z − z − ν t ν t z − 1 − ν t ) m 0. To enforce a constant mean population size in mitotic cells, it is necessary to balance the expected loss of mtDNA through repeated divisions with an expected increase during the cell cycle.
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For generality, we consider enforcing a constant population size in post-mitotic cells (not undergoing divisions).
The LF model is a maximum likelihood strict molecular clock method that enforces a constant substitution rate over the entire tree.
Considering the branch length differences in Table 1, it is not surprising that the model employed above (without a clock assumption) fits the data much better than a model with a global clock, which enforces a constant rate of evolution across all lineages (P < 10-66, Table 2).
First a modification is proposed to the traditional SVV scaling that enforces a globally constant Péclet number so as to avoid the previous issues.
Introducing a redistribution step after the particle collision in Shan & Chen's LBM improves the algorithm stability and enforces a constant interface thickness independent of the interfacial tension.
Also noteworthy is the presence of ATF4 and GADD34 proteins in sh2B5+2B5 R195H) cells even in the absence of a pharmacological ER-stress agent, indicating that mutated eIF2B5 enforces a constant stress state in cells of the oligodendroglial lineage.
To enforce a very low funds rate, the Fed must supply an awful lot of funds (assuming constant demand).
Soldiers enforce a state of civil emergency.
Surgery may enforce a structured lifestyle.
To enforce this constant volume condition numerically, we implement a pressure, acting normal to the surface: (7) P vol = K vol(V resting - V actual) n where n is the outward normal.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com