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Additionally, contour plots of energy utilization factors and fuel energy saving ratios are represented on this diagram for optimal integration of gas turbine with a process plant.
It is interesting to note that though the contour plots of energy utilization factors and fuel energy saving ratios differ significantly, loci of the maximal energy utilization factor and the maximal fuel energy saving ratio are identical.
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The indicators, including primary energy saving ratio (PES), primary installed capital cost saving ratio (PIS), primary cost saving ratio (PCS), waste emission avoidance ratio (EmR) and CO2 avoidance cost (CostA), can be obtained through calculations via a simulation software or industrial data.
The proposed design provides a 22.7% energy saving ratio and a 0.176 year payback period.
The cycle performance is then optimized for the fuel energy saving ratio (FESR).
Techno-economic analysis shows that energy saving ratio and primary cost saving ratio are 16.5% and 13.2%, respectively.
Furthermore, with increasing gas turbine efficiency and heating load fluctuation factor, the primary energy saving ratio grows whereas system exergy loss declines.
Furthermore, the impact of full load and partial load operation of engine on the fuel energy saving ratio (FESR) of the basic-CCHP and hybrid-CCHP is discussed.
Three objective functions are considered based on cost saving, energy saving and emission reduction goals where are determined as annual operating cost ratio (AOCR), primary energy saving ratio (PESR) and carbon emission reduction ratio (CERR).
O/C ratio is not sensitive to energy output, however an optimum value of O/C = 0.42 is found to obtain maximum system efficiency and primary energy saving ratio (PESR).
The MCSF integrates fuel energy saving ratio (FESR) and exergy efficiency as the thermodynamical parameters, net present value, internal rate of return and payback period for the economical criteria, and CO2, CO and NOx reduction for the environmental evaluations.
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