Recent studies have suggested that cross flow filtration (CFF) is a low-energy intensive technology that can be used to dewater the algae culture [ 67], and has many advantages over conventional centrifugation, dissolved air and/or froth flotation [ 68], and pressure filtration.
This is a crucial point to an industrial implementation of additive manufacturing (AM) and specifically for expensive and energy-intensive technologies for industrial metal processing like laser beam melting (LBM).
The authors observed that energy-intensive technologies accounted for half of the food-related energy increase over the years, whilst the rest was due to increase in population, prepared food and eating out.
Household operations accounted for the highest energy use, whilst food processing showed the largest increase from 2002 to 2007, as both households and foods service sectors outsourced manual food preparation and cleanup activities to the manufacturing sector, which relied on energy-intensive technologies.
In the last few years, attention has shifted towards novel and less energy-intensive technologies for producing hydrogen [ 7- 9].
As oil reserves shrink and demand rises, oil companies will turn to harder-to-extract sources, such as Canadian tar sands, and energy-intensive technologies, such as coal liquefaction, all of which will raise that baseline impact.
Most previous work with nanowire transistors had used older, more energy-intensive technology.
More importantly, the stochastic model allows the decision maker to quantitatively consider the uncertainties in the cost estimates for this energy-intensive technology.
However, to solve the multifold water-related problems in China with its rapid growth of urbanization and industrialization, complete replication of this centralized, cost- and energy-intensive technology has proved to be extremely limited in scope and success.
The world wide discussion on climate change caused by CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) attributable to human activities has put the focus on the energy intensive production technologies for iron and steelmaking.
