The authors propose that the muscles that close off each end of the pufferfish's expansile stomach are the most energetically demanding, and tire after several inflation events.
But like all forms of health care, bone repair doesn't come cheap, and maintaining skeletal integrity is thought to be very energetically demanding.
Further, it is the act of inflation itself, where the pufferfish rapidly gulps large amounts of water (or air) into its stomach, that is energetically demanding, and results in a substantial oxygen debt.
This process is energetically demanding as the translocation of protons out of the bacterial cytoplasm by F0F1-ATPase is coupled to ATP hydrolysis (Siegumfeldt et al. 2000).
The resonance stabilization is around 120 130 kJ mol−1, which is less than that of benzene (160 170 kJ mol−1) (Hochgesang 1952), but still sufficient to make HDS energetically demanding.
Hydrodechlorination is shown to be an electrophilic reaction where, in the absence of appreciable steric constraints, chlorine removal is more energetically demanding from DCP than CP.
In water electrolysers, the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) involves energetically demanding proton-coupled four electron transfer, and hence the development of highly active and stable electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has been a major challenge.
Our efforts, and also those of many other research groups, have been directed at the development of catalysts for the energetically demanding and mechanistically complex water oxidation reaction (2H2O ⇌ O2 + 4H+ + 4e−) which can be coupled with catalysts for proton reduction (2H+ + 2e− ⇌ H2) to achieve water splitting.
The NPD in the State of Saxony, for example, energetically demands that their members fight meth with the slogan 'Keep Away from that Crystal Filth!'.
It can be an energetically demanding process, with the adult losing as much as 83 g of body weight a day.
