Henry Chapman of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California and colleagues have shown they can do that with a larger object and longer-wavelength, less-energetic "soft" x-rays.
The results indicate that a curvature effect on the nanoscale and an energetic beam-induced soft mode and lattice instability effect, which were underestimated or neglected in the existing simulations are the primary driving force for the shrinkage.
The ionization process associated with APCI is one of the most efficient, being considered more energetic or less soft than ESI, where gas phase reactions leading to the loss of net charge on the analyte may generate more fragment ions relative to the parent ion [28].
The spectral characteristic of the soft and energetic precipitating electrons was chosen according to the Maxwellian energy distribution.
Majority of the people like the "soft, warm energetic" feeling of the hand held ray tubes vs the electrical tingling felt from metal electrodes.
A nearly simultaneous response in riometer, TEC, and EISCAT N e may be interpreted as a SC-stimulated precipitation of electrons with a wide energy range, from soft (≤keV) to energetic (tens of keV).
The former President seems diminished since Hillary Clinton's last race, in 2008 — he is thinner, more soft-spoken, less energetic.
Her electronica storytelling was woven with emotive pizzicato strings, making the soft-spoken but energetic songstress the standout of the afternoon.
Absent an energetic response by Catholic leadership, a soft slide into a kind of nominal Catholicism is quite foreseeable".
Gavin Partington, the energetic director general of the British Soft Drinks Association (BSDA), says: "A calorie is a calorie".
With continuous scaling down of the semiconductor technology, the soft errors induced by energetic particles have become an increasing challenge in designing current and next-generation reliable microprocessors.
