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In modelling bumble bee foraging, net rate of energetic intake has been suggested as the appropriate currency.
He compared the net rate of energetic intake for several rules of movement and predicted that bees will employ the rule which maximizes the net rate.
The models used to predict bumble bee foraging behaviour from four papers [2], [5], [6], [8] were re-arranged to allow predictions to be made based on efficiency as a currency rather than net rate of energetic intake.
Pyke [5] investigated foraging by Bombus flavifrons workers on a patch of Aconitum columbianum and a patch of Delphinium barbeyi and calculated the net rate of energetic intake at each patch.
In the bush cricket Kawanaphila nartee, for example, both males and females contribute a large proportion of their energetic intake towards reproduction via spermatophore and egg production respectively [25].
Recent studies of great apes have demonstrated similar relationships, with UCP levels shown to correlate with serum C-peptide levels and ripe fruit consumption in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes; [34] [35]), energetic intake estimates and fruit availability in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus; [36]), and body mass in bonobos (Pan paniscus; [37]) (see Table 1).
Similar(49)
They face similar ecological challenges, except that one troop crop-raids, potentially affecting its energetic intake and stress levels.
The very low calorie diet (VLCD) is a dietetic regimen characterized by a daily energetic intake < 800 Kcal/day, also called "simulated fasting".
Net rate of energetic intake has been used as the currency in many models of foraging (see [10] for a review).
Further studies measuring both energetic expenditure and intake as well as UCP levels from free-ranging primates will improve our understanding of the relationships between the three parameters.
Because of the impact of schistosomiasis on nutrient loss and dietary intake, the energetic demands for growth and development are not met.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com