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A10 SCIENCE/HEALTH Unexpected Storms in Space Radio astronomers said they had detected storms several times more powerful than the most energetic flares on the Sun roiling a brown dwarf, an object that ranks between a large planet and a tiny star.
AR 12158 produced an X1.6 flare with fast "halo" CME (vlinear = 1267 kms−1) while in AR 12192 there occurred a range of powerful X-class eruptions, i.e. X1.1, X1.6, X3.1, X1.0, X2.0 and X2.0-class energetic flares, interestingly, none with an accompanying CME.
Energetic flares can erupt from this disk and hurl jets of gas above and below the disk's plane.
Although there is a large scatter, the majority of energetic flares occur on the stars with large starspots.
Now, the X-ray Telescope onboard NASA's Swift satellite has found energetic flares of x-rays happening minutes after the initial gamma-ray burst.
Most astrophysicists think that gamma ray bursts, fantastically energetic flares from deep space, stream from new black holes that form when the cores of massive spinning stars collapse to trigger supernovas.
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Flares are intermittent bursts, so acute lethality will only occur on the sunward hemisphere during a sufficiently energetic flare, unlike low-dose-rate, extended damage by cosmic rays.
In any case, the adolescent Sun's solar wind, energetic flaring, and radiation pressure would have aggressively, and not so gently, blown away much of the loose nebular disk within a few million years of its formation, maybe even before hydrogen fusion commenced all of which could have greatly slowed the spin of the massive ball at the center of the disk.
These protons could have been ejected by a solar flare, because an energetic flare occurred at a well-connected position before the proton event, however, the delay time for the propagation of the energetic particles was too long if this flare was the origin of those particles.
In a smaller, less-energetic flare, the reconnecting action could be a greater challenge to spot, even for today's technology.
Close connection between these energetic solar flares and the associated interplanetary disturbances is suggested.
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