There is lots of evidence, for example, that curtailing or abolishing reproduction increases fat storage (which is not necessarily inconsistent at all with the notion that mating increases fat metabolism), and that lipids are one of the main energetic currencies of trade-offs between reproduction and somatic maintenance.
Throughout these early stages of development, the key energetic and reductive currencies ATP, NADPH, and NADH remained nearly constant with little embryo-to-embryo variation in abundance (Figure 1C).
China, the world's second-largest economy, is a particularly energetic manipulator of its currency, and has at times used an outright dollar peg.
When aerobic efficiency is known it can be used for converting the estimate of mechanical work done during the dive to the more ecologically relevant currency of energetic needs, i.e. metabolic rate.
If we consider energetic content as a central currency, and given a ratio of its value per mass of pink salmon compared with deer (4.4 1, calculated from Table 1) and an estimated daily requirement of 2.7 kilograms of deer per wolf of average mass per day among coastal populations [ 59], wolves that forgo deer would on average require only 0.62 kg of pink salmon each day.
The foraging behaviour of honey bees is better predicted by using efficiency, the ratio of energetic gain to expenditure, as the currency.
Net rate of energetic intake has been used as the currency in many models of foraging (see [10] for a review).
In modelling bumble bee foraging, net rate of energetic intake has been suggested as the appropriate currency.
The models used to predict bumble bee foraging behaviour from four papers [2], [5], [6], [8] were re-arranged to allow predictions to be made based on efficiency as a currency rather than net rate of energetic intake.
One expects the energy currency on high-temperature worlds to be much more energetic per bond and on low-temperature worlds to be much less energetic per bond.
