Sentence examples for energetic beams from inspiring English sources

While at Oxford, Van de Graaff was impressed with the need for a source of energetic beams of subatomic particles for the study of atomic behaviour.

The 3.2-km (2-mile) linear electron accelerator at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center SLACC) in California is the source of very energetic beams of electrons and positrons, up to a maximum of 50 GeV.

Such tubes, which are cylindrical versions of "buckyballs", or soccer-ball-shaped carbon molecules, would be ideal sources of focused, energetic beams of electrons, as they are tiny and can be mass produced.

As these structures are not at equilibrium once formed, one can manipulate the monolayer both during and after its formation by means of thermal, chemical, and electrochemical processing, exposure to controlled energetic beams, and scanning probe microscopes.

This can be achieved by coupling radio-frequency waves or microwaves to the plasma particles, by injecting energetic beams of neutral atoms that become ionized and heat the plasma, by magnetically compressing the plasma, or by the ohmic heating (also known as Joule heating) that occurs when an electric current passes through the plasma.

Auger electron spectroscopies based on the measurement of electrons emitted as a result of the decay of core holes produced by energetic beams of X-rays or electrons have found wide application in the analysis of surfaces2, and direct comparisons between theoretical line shapes and experimental spectra without background subtraction have been successful for core hole Auger spectra3,4.

Micro-detonation of striking arc machining (MDSAM) is a newly developed energetic beam machining technology for engineering ceramics.

In an ARPES experiment, the momenta and angles of the electrons that are knocked loose by a sufficiently energetic beam of light are used to map out the material's momentum space on a flat detector screen.

The results indicate that a curvature effect on the nanoscale and an energetic beam-induced soft mode and lattice instability effect, which were underestimated or neglected in the existing simulations are the primary driving force for the shrinkage.

Athermal atom diffusion is another important mode of mass transport, which was predicted [5 7] to occur during irradiation of energetic beam of lower energy deposition rate (e.g., non-focused or uniform e-beam irradiation), especially on amorphous LDNs.

XRF is a well-established method of quantitative element analysis that is based on the ionization of the atoms of the material being irradiated by an energetic beam of primary X-rays [6, 7].