Conclusions Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that childhood abuse creates an enduring vulnerability to psychosis that is realised in the event of exposure to further stressors and risk factors.
For example, exposure to adversity and abuse in childhood may confer an enduring vulnerability to psychosis (and indeed other disorders) via deleterious effects on biological (such as hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function) and psychological (such as affect and emotion) processes.
In some ways worst of all, after enduring exposure lasting months if not years, people often find it difficult and sometimes impossible to stop taking antidepressant drugs.
There is ongoing controversy concerning health effects of background, enduring environmental exposure to endocrine disruptors such as POPs (Kaiser 2000).
Significant down-regulation of ROPs may contribute to the imbalance of redox regulation, resulting in effects similar to viral invasion, which may be critical for enduring transient exposure to mild chilling stress.
In the case of Camp Lejeune, former Marines were dubbed "poisoned patriots" for enduring years of exposure to the contamination, a label that certainly fits the people of Vieques.
It suggests a performer's interest in obtaining wider, more enduring exposure within the classical music field as well as reaching those not able to attend the Theatre du Chatelet in Paris or the London Proms.
Enduring behavioral effects of early exposure to methylphenidate in rats.
In summary, we use both longitudinal analysis and the comparative method to examine linkage among neonatal social system, androgen concentrations, and enduring behavioral effects of early exposure to androgens.
While the contribution of stress to UC was probably overestimated and the identification of dietary triggers has proven elusive, some environmental influences have proven more enduring, such as cigarette smoking, exposure to enteric infection and, possibly, a history of appendectomy [ 6, 7].
