Given that exposure to drugs of abuse, particularly during critical periods of brain development (e.g., adolescence), produces enduring changes in the brain reward system and behavior [26] [29], one could wonder whether, and to what extent, overconsumption of sweetened drinks earlier in life might produce similar persistent neurobehavioral alterations in adulthood.
For example, we know that "adverse childhood experiences are associated with enduring changes in the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems.
As we noted in the introduction to this paper, there is increasing evidence that exposures, especially in early life, can lead to enduring changes in the epigenome that, in turn, can modify gene expression.
Exposure to prenatal stress might lead to enduring changes in the infant's neurophysiological regulation of stress [ 43] Early experiences such as relational stress can also influence the regulation of physiological responses to stress [ 44].
Schunk ([2012], p.3) defines learning as follows: "Learning is an enduring change in behavior, or in the capacity to behave in a given fashion, which results from practice or other forms of experience".
Opinions on the effectiveness of WPL, however, differ among the participants: while GPs were convinced of the enduring change in competences after a learning experience in a PHCT, the PHCT nurses doubted the effectiveness of it, having witnessed GPs raising the same problems and questions over and over.
It is also theorized that the 'thinking' within an organization creates the organization's 'structure' or design, which then drives the system's 'behavior.' Achievement of enduring change in a system's performance must begin with a change in the thinking of all the people in the enterprise, but especially that of leadership.
Our male and female students work collaboratively toward enduring change in cultural attitudes towards women and girls in the community.
"The company learned [there] were segments of the population that responded to messages like 'Drain the swamp,' or images of walls, or indeed paranoia about the 'deep state,' that weren't necessarily reflected in mainstream polling or mainstream political discourse," Wylie said, adding that Bannon "saw cultural warfare as the means to create enduring change in American politics".
By the authors' interpretation, both of those moves were so unlikely that they almost surely represented a fundamental, enduring change in home teams' expected win rate.
