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Two column stubs of 900 mm height and 135 mm × 135 mm cross section are provided at both ends of specimen for providing sufficient anchorage for the longitudinal reinforcement.
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For the dynamic compression, the honeycombs failed with the stubbing of cell walls at the ends of specimens.
Three-dimensionally reinforced C/C was found to have an inclination to induce kinks at the ends of specimens due to extremely low shear strength.
The paper also discusses some loading conditions effects in the compressive strength of granite: load distribution; constraints of transversal deformation on the loaded ends of specimens; long term loads; cyclic loads.
The 200 kN capacity load cells were installed on both ends of specimens to trace the stress incremental in unbonded tendons.
High amplitude points up to 95 dB indicated visible cracks propagating until the end of specimen failure.
The injection was finished when the solution was observed leaking out of the distal end of specimen.
In the tensile direction, four bolts have been used to connect the specimen and loading head at the both ends of the specimen.
To produce more consistent gyratory specimens, a new approach of compacting both ends of the specimen, rather than the one side, is presented.
Considering the total length of the histological specimen (9 mm), 2 mm was measured from the left and right ends of the specimen toward the center in order to determine the boundaries of the original surgical defect.
However, when a thin layer of titanium was applied on both contact ends of the specimen, the contact friction was significantly reduced, leading to much smaller reductions in off-axis compressive strength as the specimen width or thickness increases.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com