The "Natural Resource Charter,"2 with its 12 principles on how to turn the natural endowments into extraction and development, is such a tool available for resource-rich developing countries.
This study was financially supported by Koller Endowment for Equine research and development, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington.
We have been able to identify some heterogeneity in the regional material flow patterns related to a broad range of factors including resource endowment, economic development, and integration into the global economy.
They collectively have over 250 billion in endowment and 80% of all research and development expenditures in this country take place within their walls.
Despite central planning, China has great differences in economic development, energy endowment and energy consumption across its regions.
It has enhanced its natural endowments with decades of investment in research and development, creating the world's "first competitive tropical agriculture", in the words of José Roberto Mendonça de Barros, head of MB Associados, an economic consultancy.
What government can do is offer large tax reductions to corporations which build in economically depressed areas, and which donate to HBCUs to support endowment expansion, programmatic development and better social positioning. .
The human capital endowment has long been perceived to be of paramount importance to regional growth and development.
The program, which draws from the Gates Foundation's $36.3 billion endowment, funds research, development, and implementation projects to fight diseases such as HIV/AIDS, malaria, malnutrition, polio, and tuberculosis in poor countries.
The most important of such controversies concerned the relative importance of genetic endowment and environment, or "nature" and "nurture," in determining development during infancy and childhood.
