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The exposure of DNA to endogenous threats (e.g. metabolism-derived ROS) and exogenous genotoxic agents produces various modifications to the structure of constituent bases.
TLRs are transmembrane proteins found in various cells and recognize infectious and endogenous threats, so-called danger signals, which evoke inflammation and assist adaptive immune reactions.
If these immunological tools are over-reactive it can lead to autoimmunity, targeting healthy host cells and organs as well as exogenous and endogenous threats.
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In the absence of blood brain barrier (BBB) the DNA of peripheral nervous system (PNS) neurons is exposed to a broader spectrum of endogenous and exogenous threats compared to that of the central nervous system (CNS).
The immune system is vital for detecting and evading endogenous and exogenous threats to the body.
Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is under constant threat from endogenous and exogenous DNA damaging agents.
Approximately 30%% of the population is colonized with S. aureus in the anterior nares [ 6], and nasal colonization poses a threat for endogenous infection [ 7, 8].
Findlay was reasserting the old Glasgow School clinic/laboratory nexus, but it was clear that this traditional relationship was already under threat from endogenous change.
We did not observe any significant effect of the demographic characteristics and SEP status of the participants in the endogenous variables -mediators (perceived threat, perceived benefits and perceived barriers) of the HBM.
The integrity of genomic DNA is constantly under threat from both endogenous and exogenous sources of damage, with the double-strand break (DSB) being one of the most cytotoxic lesions (Bekker-Jensen & Mailand, 2010; Ciccia & Elledge, 2010).
The fidelity of the genome is under constant threat by exogenous and endogenous reactive species, including toxic chemicals, ionizing radiation and byproducts of normal cellular metabolism.
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