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Thus, expression of Lif in the injured retina and activation of the endogenous survival pathway involve signaling through p38 MAPK.
One such endogenous survival pathway is controlled by leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), which is produced by a subset of Muller glia cells in response to photoreceptor injury.
An alternative explanation for the exceptionally slow progression observed here, could be that – maybe in the initial phases – the execution of cell death is counteracted by endogenous survival mechanisms.
In this study, we demonstrate that a corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) family peptide, urocortin (Ucn), is produced by a human chondrocyte cell line, C-20/A4, and acts both as an endogenous survival signal and as a cytoprotective agent reducing the induction of apoptosis by NO but not TNF- α when added exogenously.
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hMNP transplantation into cervical SCI sites in adult rats resulted in suppression of intracellular signaling pathways associated with SCI pathogenesis, which correlated with greater endogenous neuronal survival and neurite branching.
The success of gene therapy relies on the delivery of new functional genes to cells that lack such genes and is therefore dependent upon endogenous cell survival.
In addition, we show that the flavones induce neutrophil apoptosis by degradation of the key endogenous neutrophil survival protein myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) in a proteasomal-dependent fashion.
We hypothesize that trapping of DLCs by MVaf1 is more effective because MVaf1 is not counteracted by the endogenous pro-survival myosin-Va in S91 cells.
Consequent studies demonstrated that c-MYC synergizes with any of the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins in transforming leukocytes in overexpression models in vivo, whereas the dependence appears more selective at the level of endogenous pro-survival proteins.
In vertebrate olfactory epithelium (OE), neurogenesis proceeds continuously, suggesting that endogenous signals support survival and proliferation of stem and progenitor cells.
This review focuses on the current consensus of cell-based bone augmentation therapies with emphasis on cell sources, transplanted cell survival, endogenous stem cell recruitment and immunomodulatory function of transplanted osteoprogenitor cells.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com