"Protein co-ingestion can accelerate muscle glycogen repletion by stimulating endogenous insulin release," says Luc van Loon, an associate professor of human movement sciences at Maastricht University in the Netherlands and the author of several important studies about recovery.
The metabolic changes are caused by the insufficiency of secretion or action of endogenous insulin [1].
However, c-peptide levels more accurately reflect endogenous insulin production during insulin therapy [22].
In patients with preserved beta-cell function, increased endogenous insulin secretion counter-balances such insulin resistance.
However, the incretin effect or its impact on endogenous insulin concentration remains unclear.
Furthermore, preserved endogenous insulin secretion prevents potentially harmful iatrogenic hypoglycemia and the increased glucose variability associated with insulin therapy [4].
However, continuous intravenous insulin infusion does not adequately replicate the physiological response and effects of endogenous insulin secretion.
Pre-exposure to low-dose insulin enhanced hyperglycemia-induced endogenous insulin and c-peptide secretion in both groups.
The transplantation of bioartificial pancreas has the potential to restore endogenous insulin secretion in type I diabetes.
In a prospective observational study, we measured c-peptide as a biomarker of endogenous insulin secretion during moderate permissive hyperglycemia in critically ill adult patients with T2DM.
However, such clamp techniques are not feasible in the rapidly changing ICU environment and may in themselves affect endogenous insulin secretion.
