We generated several DNA constructs in order to replace the endogenous fact-l promoter (Fig. 3A) with one from a gene that was expected to be silent in gametocytes but would retain wild-type fact-l transcript (and thus protein) levels in asexual blood stages (see Fig. 1B).
To specifically eliminate or knock-down substantially fact-l transcription in gametocytes, DNA constructs were generated to exchange or 'swap' the endogenous fact-l promoter (Fig. 3A) with a promoter of a gene that was expected not to be transcribed in gametocytes.
In fact, endogenous ABA content is modulated by a dynamic balance between biosynthesis and catabolism, which are regulated by NCEDs and CYP707As transcripts, respectively, in tomato [ 18, 23, 24] and cherry fruits [ 25].
In fact, endogenous galectin-3 may be such a stimulus contributing to the neonatal immune response, as we found the levels of galectin-3 in cord blood plasma to be constitutively elevated as compared to adult plasma.
In fact, endogenous granulosa cells require oocyte-independent activation of critical signaling pathways to direct sex determination of the ovary for subsequent oocyte survival and development in follicles (65– 65).
It is interesting to note that this artificial strategy is in fact an endogenous regulatory process, which involves long non-coding RNAs, referred to as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), acting as miRNA sponges [ 146].
"What is remarkable here, and unique, is the fact that endogenous retroviruses are two things at once: genes and viruses.
In fact, this endogenous neuropeptide, selective agonist of k opioid receptors, is endowed with relevant pharmacological activities on the central nervous system, including a marked antinociceptive effect, but is unable to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), thus requiring intracerebroventricular administration.
However, despite the fact that endogenous NXNL2 expression is photoreceptor-specific within the retina, neither of these DNA sequences nor larger upstream regions demonstrated photoreceptor-specific expression.
Due to the fact that endogenous LITAF levels are below detection, we transiently transfected FLAG-LITAF or myc-LITAF into BGMK cells at different time points.
