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Colorectal cancer is a preventable disease caused by endogenous and external environmental factors.
Nitrogen-responsive genes are known to be regulated by various endogenous and external nitrogen signals.
It is thus possible that alternative splicing serves as a precise mechanism for controlling the mRNA levels of the clock genes, depending on endogenous and external conditions.
The first committed and rate-limiting step in the mevalonate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis is catalysed by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR), and modulated by many endogenous and external stimuli [ 37].
Other processes that are moderately enriched (10-5endogenous and external stimuli such as heat, abiotic stimulus, organic substances, unfolded proteins, and protein stimuli.
The DNA damage signaling response pathway (DDR) is activated by DNA breaks induced by a variety of endogenous and external insults including therapies currently used for the treatment of cancer such as ionizing radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents such as gemcitabine, irinotecan and cisplatin.
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The endogenous control and external perturbation of biological processes are inherently dose-dependent.
The literature evidence is of marked variations in circadian, weekly and seasonal mortality for major cardiopulmonary and neurological disease - factors implicated have included endogenous rhythms and external factors like climatic conditions [ 3].
The interplay between endogenous clocks and external cues in an era of industrialization and global change (when artificial lights compete with moonlight to affect reproductive timing and fertilization success in broadcasting species) should be considered in plans to protect coral reefs and marine ecosystems.
For instance, the mechanosensitivity of cells lies on the delicate force balance between the endogenous cytoskeletal contractility and external mechanical forces transmitted across the cell-ECM adhesions [ 82].
However, the complex interactions between endogenous circadian rhythms and external cues are currently not well understood, and a direct and mathematical based comparison between light-mediated and circadian-controlled gene expression is still outstanding.
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