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Often, three distinct pericarp layers can be distinguished: the outer (exocarp), the middle (mesocarp), and the inner (endocarp).
An almond "nut" is the "stone"—i.e., the hardened endocarp of a drupe usually containing a single seed.
The fruit coat (pericarp) is three-layered: a smooth, prickly, warty, or scaly outer layer (exocarp); a fleshy, fleshy-fibrous, or fibrous middle layer (mesocarp); and a thin and membranous to thick and bony inner layer (endocarp) surrounding the seed.
The fruit of nut-bearing trees is composed of three layers: an outer skin, a middle pulpy zone, and an inner stony layer (endocarp).
Most fruits with a fleshy pericarp are eaten whole by vertebrates, including the stony endocarp or the stony seed coat.
The idea is that genetic engineering could either eliminate these endocarp cells, or convert the endocarp into mesocarp — stone into flesh.
(A Frankenfruit? Maybe, but then what is a pluot?) At a critical time after pollination, the researchers observed, the plum's endocarp cells form the lignin of a hard pit.
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