Endemicity and distribution ranges of Symbiodinium types have mostly been inferred using the ITS2 in studies generally constituting 1 2 colonies per host species [e.g. [5], [9], [12], [63]].
To weight endemicity for population distribution, only those grid squares with population were retained and from these the mean PfPR2 10 was computed for each district.
Ever since it was first observed that D. sechellia has fewer OR and GR genes than its sister species, there has been controversy regarding whether the main determinant of this pattern is its diet specialization or its restricted distribution (endemicity) (McBride 2007; McBride et al. 2007).
Despite this wide distribution of endemicity, no large series of pathologically described cases exists.
This would suggest that present day distribution and endemicity in African rain forest is a likely consequence of a series of connection-isolation events between the East African and Guineo-Congolian forests.
Therefore, our results provide strong evidence that a larger Oligocene-Miocene continental-scale fragmentation between, rather than within, East and West-Central rain forest regions has played a major role in generating the patterns in plant distribution and endemicity that are currently observed across Africa.
The product of this survey data and informed expert opinion, based on proximity to the Nile, rainfall patterns, and deserts is a map shown in Figure 4. Striking is the broad consensus on the spatial distribution of endemicity risk classifications today and 50 years previously, with the exception of the meso- and hyper-endemic classes that appear wider and more prolific 50 years ago.
Therefore, we predict that the evolutionary process of divergence by vicariance on multiple occasions could be a common pattern for numerous other plant taxa in Africa, thus explaining much of the plant distribution and endemicity within African rain forest tree families.
These findings provide insights regarding the distributions and endemicity of potentially pathogenic and emerging tick-borne agents.
Moreover, for the two ELISA, the observed ELISA OD value distributions in high endemicity area, low endemicity area and control area seemed representative of the distribution of adult worms in fox populations.
