Sentence examples for endemic pathogens from inspiring English sources
Such environmental change can influence parasite-host relationships in many ways [1], particularly by altering the transmission of endemic pathogens of wildlife, which can lead to the emergence of new diseases in wild populations, domesticated animals, and humans [2].
Here we present the first data to clearly illustrate how climate extremes can promote a complex interplay between epidemic and endemic pathogens that are normally tolerated in isolation, but with co-infection, result in catastrophic mortality.
Higher levels of T cell activation have been reported in HIV-seronegative Africans [38], and have been attributed to frequent infections by various endemic pathogens, such as parasitic infections.
In a small study done in Uganda, the presence of co-infection with highly prevalent and endemic pathogens in patients with and without ART was associated with increased CD4+ T cell activation independent of CD4 count and viral load [41].
Accordingly, endemic pathogens will be present at a far higher frequency overall than in industrialized countries.
No specific surveillance information will be available for endemic pathogens not of high priority in stage I.
In general, infectious diseases can emerge from 2 distinct scenarios: 1) the geographic spread of a novel pathogen into a new area with naive hosts or 2) a shift in pathogenicity or host specificity of an endemic pathogen as a result of environmental changes that alter host pathogen interactions (25 ).
Astroviruses are known to be a leading cause of diarrhea in infants and the immunocompromised; however, our understanding of this endemic pathogen is limited.
Whereas the former species displays characteristics of an epidemic population structure, P. vivax exhibits a structure consistent with that of an established endemic pathogen.
The root cause for the rising prevalence of this endemic pathogen is perhaps worth exploring.
This pathogen is widely distributed in soil and rice paddies and considered an endemic pathogen in Southeast Asia especially Thailand.
