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These include whether to simulate both the outbreak and endemic processes, and the option of inserting simulated outbreak data into an existing endemic data file.
The use of authentic endemic data in performance evaluations is recommended in guidelines for the evaluation of outbreak detection systems [ 2].
However, in Southern Italy (where Salmonella infections are endemic), data on resistance genes and clonal relationship among the MDR strains isolated from clinical cases is poor [ 7].
We simulated endemic disease data using the Poisson endemic method with a reasonably low average case rate of 0.5 cases per day to avoid using confidential endemic data.
However, we recommend using authentic endemic data whenever possible to provide a more realistic indicator of the background noise that will affect outbreak detection performance.
If simulated outbreak data are to be inserted into an existing endemic data file, this data file also needs to be imported into the project.
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Those species that are particularly vulnerable to elephants comprise the bulk of the regionally endemic, Red Data Book and rare species (special species) associated with succulent thicket, a vegetation type endemic to the Eastern Cape.
Southern Sudan provides one such example; large parts are thought to be trachoma endemic but data on its distribution and burden are mainly limited to areas east of the river Nile [8], [9].
As such, we recommend the use of historical endemic disease data for algorithm evaluation where these are available.
We buffered the study area by 100 km for the endemic species data gathering and modelling to avoid edge effects.
However, in South Africa, where TB and HIV are endemic, aggregate data suggest that a greater proportion of women than men with TB have MDR TB (3 ).
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