Although showing a better performance in accurately assessing mGFR than Cr-based equations, underestimation of GFR in end-stage cirrhotic patients by the use of CysC-based equations bears the potential risk of unnecessary simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation.
AIC: Akaike information criterion; ANVUGIB: Acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding; ESRD: End-stage renal disease; GEE: Generalized estimating equations; USRDS: United States Renal Data System W.C.W. has served as a scientific advisor or consultant to Affymax, Amgen, Bayer, Fibrogen, and GlaxoSmithKline.
To avoid duplication of papers, Search 2 was restricted to papers not identified in Search 1. Abbreviations: CKD chronic kidney disease, GFR glomerular filtration rate, ESRD end-stage renal disease, GEE generalized estimating equations, GMM growth mixture model.
For instance, in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study involving 13,905 middle-aged men and women (1.6% of whom having CKD), it was found that the CKD-EPI equation more appropriately classified individuals with respect to the risk of end-stage renal disease and CVD morbidity and mortality as compared with the MDRD study equation (9).
The use of risk equations might enable more accurate estimation of time to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), thus improving patient care.
A probabilistic state-transition (Markov) model with multivariate risk equations for stroke, myocardial infarction, all coronary heart disease, heart failure, and end-stage renal disease was used to project clinical endpoints, survival, costs, quality-adjusted life-years, and incremental cost-effectiveness analysis.
One patient developed end-stage renal disease.
No subject reached end-stage renal failure (Stage 5).
