Towards this end, antibodies capable of binding and hydrolyzing cocaine were identified by phage display from a biased single chain antibody library generated from the spleens of mice previously immunized with a cocaine phosphonate transition state analog hapten.
To this end, antibodies against L. donovani LdUba5 and LdUfc1 and T. brucei Ufm1 proteins were used in immunofluorescence studies.
To this end, antibody-treated live cells were further evaluated for intracellular staining by confocal microscopy.
To that end, antibodies for astrocytes, i.e. glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and for CCL2 or antibodies for microglia, i.e. ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) and for CCR2 were used.
To this end, antibodies against insulin (IAA), the 65 kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GADA), insulinoma-associated antigen 2 (IA-2A), and as yet incompletely identified cytoplasmic antigens (ICA) have been widely used (4– 8).
To this end, antibodies targeted to CD14 (monocytes) were obtained from Dynal A.S. (Oslo, Norway) and added to separate aliquots of the cell suspension using a target-to-bead ratio of 1 4 as previously described [ 17].
Samples were transferred to nitrocellulose and blotted with anti-RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) antibody (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) followed by horseradish peroxidase linked secondary antibody (Sigma).
The remaining slow release of the crosslinked complex is not affected by blocking of the free DNA end by antibody indicating that the constitutive interaction with crosslinked MutLLN40 completely stops MutSΔC800 dissociation from DNA ends.
Lymphoid organs (spleen and thymus) were removed from animals that were bled for IgM (1 day after exposure ended) and IgG (15 days after exposure ended) for antibody determinations.
The end-point antibody titers were calculated as the reciprocal dilution of the last dilution that was at least 2-fold higher than normal mice sera controls and yields an absorbance of >0.1.
On the other end, monoclonal antibodies possess two major drawbacks as ligands for tumor targeting: their larger size and nonspecific uptake by reticuloendothelial system (RES; Aina et al. 2002).
