In remarks to the House judiciary committee in October, for example, the FBI director, James Comey, who has campaigned to make automatic encryption illegal, referenced CryptoWall, which accesses and encrypts files on a victim's computer and will only release them on payment of a ransom.
The company says it doubly encrypts each patient's identity and gives the encryption keys to several third parties — meaning that no single entity can decode a file by itself, says Kimberly Gray, chief privacy officer at IMS Health.
When someone attempts to log in, the website automatically encrypts both the username and password entered.
Most websites keep usernames and passwords in master files that are "hashed" with software which encrypts both the username and the password together, so no one can see the plain-text version of either.
He then creates a leak of his own (perhaps genuine, or perhaps fake), chops it up and encrypts it.
Each country encrypts data in a characteristic way that terrorists could use to identify the nationality of the person carrying the chipped passport.
UltraViolet, like most digital video platforms, uses digital rights management - in other words, it encrypts the film so that it can only be unlocked with authorised devices or software.UltraViolet was announced in 2010.
Again, like a digital mobile phone, it encrypts its signal and its frequency-hopping map so that its transmission cannot easily be intercepted or understood.
Last summer security researchers warned about "Simplelocker", a piece of "ransomware" for Google's Android operating system that encrypts users' data and then demands payment to unscramble it a tactic copied from malware targeted at PCs.
These include the arrest of the man behind Silk Road, a notorious online bazaar that sold guns, drugs and stolen credit-card records, and a raid on servers hosting Cryptolocker, a "ransomware" program which encrypts computer files, decrypting them only on payment of a ransom.Cybercrimes often involve multiple jurisdictions, which makes investigations complicated and time-consuming.
The company's free software encrypts a user's profile and stores it on its own computers.
