So Mr Makihara wants to encourage co-operation in such exciting growth areas as e-commerce and high technology.
Punishment did not evolve, as conventional wisdom has it, as a positive behaviour intended to encourage co-operation.
To encourage co-operation he has pooled the accounts of the agency's biggest divisions, advertising and direct marketing.
These units will not be allowed to seek their own outside investors any time soon, since GlaxoSmithKline is keen to encourage co-operation rather than competition among them.
It also recommended a regional conference, to encourage co-operation with Syria and Iran and a new push for peace between Israel and the Palestinians.
If you want to encourage co-operation, collaboration, socialising, civility, creativity, responsibility and self-confidence, don't bother with citizenship classes.
The new joint analytical community will encourage co-operation, though it will take some bedding in.An IT programme, known as SCOPE, is due to be fully installed by the end of 2006.
In New York, by contrast, recent tragedies have tended to deepen rather than weaken black leaders' indignation against whites.Lastly, New York's politics does not encourage co-operation as Boston's has done.
The court ruled that the government is entitled to use the carrot of offering additional funds to encourage co-operation, and can require it if states accept the new monies, but not the stick of threatening to withdraw existing funds.
A report now being finalised by a government committee headed by Vijay Kelkar, a former finance secretary, calls for much deeper reforms that could boost the role of the private sector, encourage co-operation with foreign suppliers, and turn India into a significant defence exporter.
