Then Mr. Amash encouraged a revolt against House Speaker John A. Boehner in his January speaker election.
They also sought to undermine the defenses by encouraging a revolt of the inhabitants of Burgos.
The Saudis say they believe that a Shiite uprising next door might encourage a similar revolt in Saudi Arabia, which the Obama administration does not dispute.
U.S. policy did not encourage a mass revolt against Fidel, even during the years when hundreds of thousands of desperate Cubans risked their lives to flee the island.
"The system is dysfunctional," said Thomas R. Suozzi, the Nassau County executive, a Democrat who is trying with little visible success to encourage a voter revolt against Albany incumbents of both parties.
Mr. Obama's words on Iran, on the other hand, were among the strongest he has ever voiced in encouraging a street revolt, something his administration initially shied away from doing in June 2009, after a disputed presidential election provoked an uprising that was crushed by the government.
They were then required to pay a large indemnity to France or else many countries including the United States refused to acknowledge Haiti for fear that it would encourage an American slave revolt.
And the West did much to challenge Moscow: encourage a "color revolution" in Kiev, pledge to include Ukraine in NATO, press Ukrainians to choose West over East economically, and encourage a street revolt against a democratically elected president.
The other threat is that Trump's belligerence will encourage open revolt in Mexico — that, if the economy collapses, the mild-mannered protesters I saw on Reforma Avenue will give way to a new generation of post-Zapatista revolutionaries.
For a generation, its leaders have behaved almost as though their goal was to encourage populist revolt.
