A second negative consequence of having large inter-origin gaps arises from problems that occur if replication forks irreversibly stall, for example, after encountering damaged or chemically modified DNA [57].
Again it is optimal for the replicative system to expect to encounter damage.
A polymerase is more likely to encounter damage somewhere in the replication of these large genomes than a prokaryote with a smaller genome in a similar environment.
Most of these patients encounter damaged stomatognathic system or facial deformity, which result in serious physiological and psychological disorders [ 10].
Therefore, it is likely that the DNA replication machinery frequently encounters damaged templates giving rise to stalled replication forks.
When replication forks encounter damaged DNA bases, crosslinks or tightly bound proteins, they can stall irreversibly (Dimitrova & Gilbert, 2000; Tercero & Diffley, 2001; Merrick et al, 2004).
The multi-protein inflammasome complex, comprising the NLRP3 polypeptide, ASC or PYCARD (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) and caspase-1 [ 12] forms when monocytes and macrophages encounter damaged and pathogen-associated molecular pattern proteins (DAMPs and PAMP; e.g., bacterial lipopolysaccharide or MSU crystals) and leads to activation of caspase-1.
The high-speed Acela train, which left Boston at 6 45 p.m., was backing into Union Station in New Haven when its seventh car derailed after encountering track damage caused by a freight train that had passed earlier, the worker said.
With regard to this fact, the Taiwan power company develops an ultimate measure to prevent reactor from encountering core damage, if either designed AC power or reactor water supply cannot be restored in time.
One scenario that could be envisioned is that upon encountering DNA damage, the hexameric MtbMfd is available for immediate recruitment to the stalled transcription complex.
Normal human cells arrest either in G1 or S phase of the cell cycle after encountering DNA damage to repair the DNA, thereby preventing accumulation of mutations in the genome of daughter cells.
