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The encoding of variables (e.g., using raw data, categorized data, or Z-scores [ 37]) may also affect the results of a cluster analysis [ 45], but this aspect has not been formally explored in the COPD literature.
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Genetic programming (GP) is a development in the field of evolutionary algorithms extending the classical genetic algorithms (GA) to a symbolic optimization technique and overcoming GA limitation of being a fixed-length representation scheme requiring encoding of the variables and its non-dynamic variability requiring the string length to be defined in advance (Koza 1992).
The risk factors will be defined according to encoding of the variables above.
Here we use value encoding of the variables to the chromosome where each chromosome contains real numbers representing the vector z.
It allows us to interrogate the relationship between neural dynamics and behaviour, the encoding of neuroeconomic variables, and how brain regions interact during choice.
All of these can be encoded by combinations of variables encoding simple hypotheses; some quite complex hypotheses can be encoded with two variables.
For the main effect for the contralateral fingers, the variance estimates were relatively large and equal across unimanual and bimanual conditions (Fig. 7 A), indicating strong and consistent encoding of this variable.
The genes encoding for variable regions of heavy (VH) and light (VL) chains of the scFvH5 were sequenced, and their corresponding amino acid aligned (Fig. 3) according to Pini et al., [ 15].
The literature shows that Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) are effective to obtain solutions in multiobjective optimization problems, and that the Differential Evolution (DE) based ones are efficient when solving structural mono-objective structural optimization problems, specially those with a real encoding of the design variables.
Our data indicate that, during decision making under risk, both behavior and the neural encoding of key decision variables are strongly influenced by the manner in which value information is presented.
A membrane-anchored truncated flagellin (tFliC) encoding gene (deletion of variable region) was constructed as described previously [ 18] but with an influenza HA TM/CT.
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