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Clinical meningitis or encephalitis was defined as previously reported (2 ).
Encephalitis was defined as a clinical diagnosis by the attending neurologist.
A relapse of encephalitis was defined as the new onset or worsening of symptoms occurring after documented improvement or stabilization.
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Cases in patients with acute onset of signs and symptoms consistent with meningitis or encephalitis were defined as WNV meningoencephalitis.
Encephalitis is defined as inflammation of the brain parenchyma and presents with clinical evidence of brain dysfunction[ 5- 7].
Encephalitis was defined by the presence of impaired consciousness including lethargy, drowsiness or coma, seizures or myoclonus.
An encephalitis-associated hospital stay was defined as a hospitalization for which the primary discharge diagnosis was an ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-AM code for acute encephalitis.
Suspected LCMV infection was defined as a diagnosis of meningitis, choriomeningitis, encephalitis, or meningoencephalitis not explained by another etiologic agent.
A probable case of NiVE was defined as a patient with a diagnosis of encephalitis in whom fever developed and who was living in the same village as a patient with a confirmed case of NiVE after December 15 , 2003
A confirmed NiVE case-patient was defined as any patient with fever and symptoms compatible with encephalitis after December 15 , 2003 with NiV-specific immunoglobulin M antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum by enzyme immunoassay (EIA).
Severe HFMD was defined as a patient with clinical features such as high fever, myoclonus, encephalitis, AFP, pulmonary edema, or heart failure [ 7, 8].
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