JEV causes fatal encephalitis associated with damage to the central nervous system (CNS) in humans.
Acute encephalitis associated with antibodies to the N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype of glutamate receptor is a recently described condition, the majority of cases presenting as a paraneoplastic syndrome in young females.
In contrast, mice of the H-2f,m,s,q,u haplotypes resolve the encephalitis associated with infection but fail to clear the virus and develop a chronic infection in the spinal cord that is associated with axonal demyelination in the spinal cord white matter (30).
Stern, R. C. & Hulette, C. M. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with small cell carcinoma of the prostate.
H-2Db mice resolve the encephalitis associated with TMEV infection and generate a robust CD8+ T-cell response that leads to viral clearance (20).
Of the 102 children with HFMD-CNS, 63 (62%) had ASM, 33 (32%) had encephalitis, 3 (3%) had AFP, and 3 (3%) had encephalitis associated with cardiorespiratory failure (all of the 3 died).
We have successfully used high-throughput sequencing to identify causative agents of disease for patients with transplant-associated encephalopathy (16 ) and encephalitis associated with agammaglobulinemia (17 ).
The clinical course and MRI data for our patient are very similar to those observed in several patients with fatal encephalitis associated with Nipah virus infection, another member of the paramyxovirus family (8, 11 ).
The odds ratio for encephalitis associated with SRSE was 2.91 (1.08, 7.85) after correcting for age.
Mice with HIF-1α-deficient T cells are resistant to induction of Th17-dependent experimental autoimmune encephalitis, associated with diminished Th17 cells and increased Tregs, indicating the therapeutic potential of HIF modulation.
