Early stage: limbic encephalitis, seizure-induced abnormalities Ganglioglioma Complex partial epilepsy Typically (40%) well-defined cortical/corticosubcortical cystic mass with an enhancing nodule.
HSV encephalitis, seizure-induced abnormalities Herpes simplex encephalitis Acute onset of fever, headache, seizures, hallucination, personality changes, etc. Usually starts with unilateral mesiotemporal cortical swelling and increased T2 signal intensity, generally spreads bilaterally.
Of the 7 symptomatic human infections that have been associated with viruses in the genus Thogotovirus, most case-patients have had neurologic findings (e.g., meningitis, encephalitis) without any described abnormalities in blood counts (9, 11 ).
Similarly, diffusion-weighted imaging or diffusion tensor imaging is proved to be superior to conventional magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of early signal abnormalities in herpes simplex virus encephalitis but also in enterovirus 71 encephalitis and in West Nile encephalitis.
Encephalitis and meningitis were characterized by abnormal neuroimaging or postmortem examination, biochemical abnormalities on cerebrospinal fluid, clinical documentation of meningeal irritation, altered mentation or seizures.
For example, temporal lobe abnormalities were predictive of HSV encephalitis.
In the case reported here, given the MRI DWI abnormalities, cerebral vasculitis and autoimmune encephalitis were differential diagnoses.
In patients diagnosed with West Nile virus encephalitis, diffusion restriction with no FLAIR or T2 signal abnormalities has been reported to be a sign of good prognosis [63].
Almost half of the patients met the definition for meningoencephalitis, yet for half of those patients, abnormalities detected by EEG or neuroimaging were consistent with encephalitis, and their illnesses were associated with a range of pathogens, some not typically associated with meningitis.
Central nervous system (CNS) complications of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection occur in 1 to 18% of patients with infectious mononucleosis and include encephalitis, meningitis, cerebellitis, polyradiculomyelitis, transverse myelitis, cranial and peripheral neuropathies, and psychiatric abnormalities [ 2- 4].
