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Nearly 10 years after Congress promised greater access and affordability in biologics by enacting a pathway to encourage biosimilars to come to market, only 18 products have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration FDAA).
With that knowledge, the method can help enact development pathways in applied materials research.
The analysis shows that Germany is on a substitution pathway, enacted by new entrants deploying small-scale renewable electricity technologies (RETs), while the UK is on a transformation pathway, enacted by incumbent actors deploying large-scale RETs.
Classic apoptotic cell death is enacted through a pathway that involves the cleavage of PARP and pro-Caspase-3 and the activation of Bax [ 11– 13].
When the ACA was enacted, the regulatory approval pathway for biosimilars was estimated to save American taxpayers $7 billion over 10 years.
Climate change is likely to have a number of consequences for food security in developed countries, and these effects are enacted through multiple pathways, as summarized in Figure 1.
The rationale for understanding how evidence moves along the research translation pathway is to enact evidence-based policy.
The recently enacted Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act establishes an abbreviated pathway whereby biosimilars can be evaluated and approved in an accelerated manner.
Like Poe's central works, Bolaño's novel enacts the battle of the divided self, placing us on a steep pathway descending from surface respectability into darker drives and longings.
She has since worked to put young people at the forefront of a strategic effort to challenge the stigmas undocumented youth face and enact the policy changes necessary to protect them from deportation and offer a pathway to citizenship. .
Though such a pathway may exist on paper, clearly the extent to which it is enacted is called into question by much of the extant literature.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com