Many enabling techniques have been developed in the past two decades and several technology demonstration missions have been completed.
This is in conflict with the demand for more and more space at the specimen, necessary in order to enable novel techniques in TEM, such as He-cooled cryo electron microscopy, 3D-reconstruction through tomography (Science 302 (2003 13966) TEM in gaseous environments, or in situ experiments (Nature 427 (2004) 426).
Other nonconventional applications of location information include networking protocols that take advantage of position information to improve the performance of routing algorithms (georouting), as well as enabling interference avoidance techniques in future cognitive radios.
The feasibility of Global Positioning System (GPS) and emerging big data analysis technique enable the in-depth analysis on this topic, while to date, applications had been rather few.
This ionization technique enables the in-situ analysis of various surfaces under ambient conditions requiring minimal sample pretreatment [ 60, 61].
These new techniques might help us to detect subclinical myocardial changes in cardiovascular risk populations that otherwise could be missed by traditional imaging techniques, enabling an improvement in therapeutic strategies, monitoring the treatment effect and improving clinical outcome.
More recently, confocal laser endomicroscopy and endocytoscopy represent emerging endoscopic imaging techniques enabling real time in vivo diagnosis of cellular patterns at ultra-high magnification [ 14, 17].
These data were supplemented with results of molecular biologic detection and typing techniques to enable more in-depth analysis of surveillance data.
In order to deal with transcription errors and OOV words, some modifications of the traditional vector space model (VSM) indexing framework [21] are proposed: confidence measures are taken into account in the index term weights, and a phonetic-based document retrieval technique, enabling to retrieve in a transcript the proper nouns contained in a synopsis, is also considered.
Endocytoscopy (EC) is an emerging ultra-high magnifying technique enabling in vivo visualization of both structural and cellular atypia during endoscopic examination.
