Exact(2)
Detailed functional analysis of these and other S. aureus bacteriophage genes of unknown function will likely lead to a greater understanding of their role in virulence and enabling mutation and adaptation of S. aureus to new environments.
S259L clearly preceded R384G, but we are unable to resolve whether the second enabling mutation (E375G) occurred before, after, or simultaneously with R384G.
Similar(58)
"There does not seem to have been one or a few enabling mutations that suddenly appeared among our ancestors and allowed them to think in profoundly different ways," said Reich.
And sometimes, to add to the problem, one of the enabling mutations of a cancer is of a gene involved in the DNA-repair mechanism, which a healthy cell would use to deal with mutations.
Only after the global spread of this drug-resistant A/H1N1 lineage have we begun to understand the additional enabling mutations (13 15) that led to its rapid emergence.
They finish with students exploring the role of mutation as a source of variation in snail shell thickness by disabling and enabling mutations in the presence of the crab predator to see whether mutations are affected by the environment and are biased in the direction that would be selectively advantageous.
It may, therefore, be possible to identify enabling mutations based on their effects on thermal stability.
The constrained mutations decreased the stability of the nucleoprotein at high temperatures, while the enabling mutations counteracted this effect.
The causes are disabling mutations in the genes of complement factor H CFHH), membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46), complement factor I (CFI) and thrombomodulin (THBD), and enabling mutations in factor B and C3 [ 6].
Stability-mediated epistasis therefore constrains NP's adaptation as well as its sequence evolution, since the accessibility of immune-escape mutations is dependent on the acquisition of enabling mutations.
We propose that genetic diversity of the CP sequence in this strain reflects functional decay due to relaxed selection outside the nasopharynx, enabling mutations to accumulate in the portions of the genome that encode unused functions in the integumentary system.
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