In recent years, techniques for single cell analysis have enabled assessment of the natural heterogeneity between seemingly identical cells [ 25].
To enable such heterogeneity among systems of systems, different levels of interoperability are required.
This allelic expression is mitotically stable in clonal cell lines and independent between loci, enabling vast epigenetic heterogeneity within cell populations.
The role of meta-regression and subgroup analysis in circumstances where heterogeneity between sources of evidence is present can play a greater role than in conventional meta-analysis by enabling comparisons between "similar" groups.
In 2011, a Bayesian method, called MANTRA, was developed to enable trans-ancestry meta-analysis to overcome this problem of LD heterogeneity between different ancestries (2).
Trial protocols with standardised diagnostic methods, time points of follow-up and efficacy outcomes would enable us to combine trials in meta-analysis and to reduce heterogeneity between trials.
Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies are enabling personalized genomic studies on a larger scale, which in turn provides insight into the heterogeneity between patients, within a disease and, in the case of cancer, even within a tumor.
The researchers envision that their method can improve cell-based therapies, help explore heterogeneity between cell populations that underlie tumors and other abnormalities, and even enable a paradigm shift in precision tissue engineering.
Finally, heterogeneity between studies with respect to design and the quality indicators reviewed enabled descriptive analysis only.
However, sidestream dark-field imaging enables direct visual observation of red blood cells flowing through individual capillaries and can depict heterogeneity between capillaries.
