Prostate radiotherapy has also evolved with these technological advancements, enabling dose escalation.
Moreover, it is generally well tolerated and reduces the incidence of side effects, such as TFR, enabling the escalation to higher dose of lenalidomide [ 39].
118, 119 With the increasing use of IMRT, enabling dose escalation and the associated steep dose gradients, it is critical to accurately localize the target for precise treatment delivery.
Geron has been undertaking studies to enable dose escalation of its spinal cord injury product, and has been investigating application of the product to other neurodegenerative diseases.
Additionally, with regard to planning procedures for radiotherapy, the use of FDG-PET for target volume definition may enable dose escalation, a lower exposure of organs at risk, as well as reduced interobserver variability [6, 7].
Hyperfractionation is simply the tool to enable dose escalation without an increase of severe late toxicity.
IMRT and IGRT enable dose escalation to the target volume and permit delivery of a simultaneous integrated boost to a GTV; randomized trials are needed to determine if there is a clinical outcome benefit with acceptable toxicity.
A secondary aim was to determine the dose-limiting organ for therapy with Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan, in order to enable dose escalation and/or optimization with Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan in patients undergoing auSCT.
The delineation of the GTV for lung cancer is critical, as the volume needs to be as small as possible to enable dose escalation with the possibility of improved local control.
In this regard, the rapidly expanding fields of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and targeted gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are two of the latest methods that hold the most promise for enabling safe dose escalation (Wallace et al. 2013; Ghai and Haider 2015).
