Analyses were performed using Stata version 12.1, [ 40] which enabled to control for the complex sampling and recruitment procedure of the study.
For our purpose, this method enables us to control for individual heterogeneity in the β-parameters and hence for heterogeneity across the categories of the dependent variable.
This enables us to control for cultural characteristics as well as to take peculiarities of the health care systems into account.
This is extremely important because it enables researchers to control for confounding variables that may drive the homicide rate upwards, such as the presence of ethnic or religious conflict, or widespread poverty.
For longitudinal predictions, this also enables us to control for initial levels of substance use or psychological distress.
The proxy outcome method is a general approach that enables analysts to control for the effects of unknown/unmeasured confounding factors.
It is likely that the association found with having had a liver biopsy reflects common hospital practices at the beginning of the cohort, so this adjustment enables us to control for differential access to liver biopsy.
Finally, IncaRNAtion implements a novel algorithm based on weighted sampling techniques (Bodini and Ponty, 2010) that enables us to control, for the first time, explicitly the GC-content of the solution.
Furthermore, the availability of a broad range of other relevant phenotypes, including socio-demographic, familial, and individual risk variables, enables us to control for potential confounding and draw conclusions that are specific to the role of initial levels of and increases in depressive symptoms.
Teaching characteristics even entered the models by using a doubly latent approach of measurement (Marsh et al. 2009), which enabled us to control for both measurement and sampling errors.
