Pressurized TBMs can reduce risk and may enable excavation through unfavorable rock mass conditions, but this will require continuous installation of a gasketed segmental concrete lining (undrained solution), which can mean a conservative lining design for the rest of the tunnel.
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This proposed method may provide certain basis to make protective measures of existing tunnels influenced by excavation engineering and enables a quick estimate of the deformation behavior of excavation-induced adjacent tunnels, resulting in savings in time and costs.
Furthermore, pre-reinforced piles have not received enough attention to be used to stabilize the slopes during the excavation process, which enables the slope movements.
Especially when used in a multi-pronged research design, soil analysis is a powerful supplement to traditional techniques that enables whole-site analysis without full excavation.
This system assists construction project teams in identifying and understanding possible blind spots when attempting to achieve risk assessments during urban deep excavation projects, and further enables the adoption of mitigation measures to reduce risk levels.
The use of 3D laser technology is ideal to monitor strata displacements in underground excavations enabling complex spatial data capture of the entire space around monitored pillars including all roof and rib deformation which occurs during the pillar excavation.
Samples collected from exposed stratigraphic sections associated with archaeological excavations enable detailed reconstructions of local vegetation and fire histories that can be directly linked to archaeological evidence for agricultural activity.
At design stage simulations with discrete element method enables to model the reaction of blocky rock masses during excavation.
This in turn enables dispatched locators to come to the field, "see" the proposed excavation area (Figure 10), and precisely mark the surveyed area.
