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Although the precise molecular mechanisms underlying this preference need to be elucidated, it appears that bone microenvironments possess unique biological features that enable circulating cancer cells to home, survive and proliferate, and destroy bone.
Specialized post-capillary venous swellings found in lymphoid tissue, which enable circulating lymphocytes to directly enter a lymph node.
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This should, however, lead to removal of local immune suppression within the tumor and/or tumor draining LN and thereby enabling circulating effector cells to function or to get activated.
Several characteristics have enabled circulating EBV DNA to be widely used in clinical practice for management of NPC.
Recently, the stability of cell-free miRNAs in body fluids enables circulating miRNAs to be potential biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.
Extracellular Tat has been shown to penetrate several cell types through different pathways and the capacity of Tat to reach the cytosol of uninfected cells likely enables circulating Tat to interfere with key cellular processes in these cells.
It has been established that bone metastatic cells can express chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) that provokes actin polymerization and pseudopodia formation resulting in migration upon exposure to bone endothelial cell secretions; thus, CXCR-4 enables circulating cancer cells to migrate into bone tissue to form the pre-metastatic niche [ 56].
An increase in AR protein expression is postulated to enable low circulating levels of androgens that are present following orchidectomy or treatment with LHRH agonists, to activate the AR even in the presence of antiandrogens (Koivisto et al, 1997).
On Friday, the clip of the exchange between a racist radio host and his Fox News enabler circulated on the left.
The clinical significance of elastase and cathepsin G is most evident under conditions in which an imbalance develops between these enzymes and their inhibitors, enabling the circulating active enzymes to induce vascular injury.
Dampers located in the floor and ceiling of the intermediate space and connected to the air ducts enable the air circulating inside the gallery to be heated or cooled, depending on the season of the year, before it is further conditioned and conveyed to the rooms.
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