where ϱ denotes the non-empty probability of the buffer, and ϱ≈E B /μ C and (mu _{c} triangleq {lim }_{theta rightarrow 0} E_{c}(theta)) [20], E B is the effective bandwidth with QoS exponent θ of a source traffic flow.
where {Q s p (t)=0} denotes the event that the queue Q s p is empty at time t and the probability of the empty of the queue Q s p based on Little's theorem [24] is given by Pr Q sp ( t ) = 0 = 1 − λ sp μ SP max.
Reducing the probability of "empty queues" and hence the link being under-utilized by TCP sources because of wireless packet losses is the rationale behind DRWL.
We denote by the probability of an empty list and for conciseness let,.
When set S is not empty, the value of coverage probability of network nodes is as follows: P S = 1 − 1 − E C / Ω n (10).
In deriving the optimal throughput, we consider that the network works in the saturation condition and each station always has packets to transmit, i.e., the probability of an empty queue is zero.
Sensing is performed as detailed above, but with a minor difference: Channels with a higher probability of being empty (also for a longer amount of time) in the given spatio-temporal slot are sensed first; with the first available channel being occupied.
At larger values of s, this curve becomes sigmoidal; therefore the probability of choosing empty feeders approaches 0 and the probability of choosing busy feeders approaches 1.
BN score of a composite motif set was computed as the ratio of its posterior probability to the posterior probability of the empty set.
Underlying mechanisms comprise a decreased chance of empty ecological niches, an increased probability of competitors that preclude invasion success, a more complete resource use in diverse communities and limited ability of invaders to establish [ 4, 6, 10, 11].
The CB-CSMA/CA outperforms both MPR and CSMA/CA in saturation as well as unsaturation mode with medium and high probability of non-empty buffers.
